Marcadores de Aterosclerose em Adolescentes: Comparação dos Valores de APO B, LDLColesterol e Não-HDL-Colesterol / Markers for Atherosclerosis in Adolescents: Comparison between APO B Values, LDLCholesterol snd Non-HDL Cholesterol

A aterosclerose é uma doença cardiovascular cujo início pode ocorrer na infância ou adolescência, sendo influenciada pelo estilo de vida, alimentação inadequada e sedentarismo. Como meio de diagnóstico precoce, pode-se utilizar dosagens de lipoproteínas, como LDL-c e nãoHDL-c, e também apolipoproteína-B. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os valores de apo-B, LDL-colesterol e não-HDL-colesterol como marcadores de aterosclerose em adolescentes de 12 a 19 anos do munícipio de Roncador-PR. De novembro de 2011 a março de 2012 foram avaliados 78 adolescentes de ambos os sexos entre 12 e 19 anos. Foram obtidas medidas antropométricas e coleta de sangue venoso para a realização dos exames laboratoriais. O LDL foi calculado pela fórmula de Friedewald. O não-HDL-c foi calculado pela diferença entre o colesterol total e o HDL. O VLDL foi calculado pela divisão de Triglicerídeos por 5. A correlação entre as principais variáveis analisadas mostrou que o não-HDL-c apresentou maior correlação com o LDL (0,957). Analisando apo-B, não-HDL-c e LDL-c com as demais variáveis, o não-HDL-c apresentou melhor correlação com todas as variáveis analisadas. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam que o não-HDL-c foi considerado o melhor método para o diagnóstico precoce de aterosclerose em adolescentes.

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease whose onset can occur in childhood or adolescence, being influenced by lifestyle, poor nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle. As a means of early diagnosis, dosages of lipoproteins such as LDL-c and non-HDL-c, and apolipoprotein-B can be measured. The objective of this study was to compare the values of apo-B, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol levels as atherosclerosis markers in adolescents 12 to 19 years for the commune Roncador-PR. From November 2011 to March 2012, 78 adolescents of both sexes aged between 12 and 19 years were evaluated. The anthropometric measurements and collection of venous blood for the completion of laboratory tests were obtained. The LDL was calculated using the Friedewald formula. The non-HDL-c was calculated by the difference between total cholesterol and HDL. The VLDL was calculated by division of Triglycerides by 5. The correlation between the main variables showed the highest correlation between non-HDL-c and LDL (0.957). Analyzing apo-B, non-HDL-c and LDL-c with the other variables, the non-HDL-c showed the best correlation with all the variables analyzed. The results indicate that the non-HDL-c was considered the best method for theearly diagnosis of atherosclerosis in adolescents.

Hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis in mice fed on low-cost high-fat diet / Hipercolesterolemia e esteatose hepática em camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica de baixo custo

To verify whether high-fat diet prepared from commercial diet plus chocolate, roasted peanuts and corn cookies induces hypercholesterolemia in mice and whether there is any hepatic involvement in this type of animal testing. Swiss mice received a high-fat diet for 15 and 30 days; plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose rates were determined. Hepatic impairment was evaluated by histopathological analysis. Cholesterol levels increased 43% in animals treated with high-fat diet for 30 days. Further, histopathological analysis revealed that treatment of animals for 15 and 30 days produced hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis, respectively. Experimental model is suitable for assessing the action of anti-hypercholesterolemia and the treatment of steatohepatitis.

Verificar se a dieta hiperlipídica preparada a partir de ração comercial acrescida de chocolate, amendoim torrado e bolacha de maisena é capaz de induzir hipercolesterolemia em camundongos e se há comprometimento hepático neste modelo de experimentação animal. Camundongos Swiss receberam a dieta hiperlipídica por 15 e 30 dias e após isso, foram realizadas dosagens plasmáticas de colesterol, glicose e triglicerídeos. O comprometimento hepático foi avaliado por análises histopatológicas. Os níveis de colesterol aumentaram em 43% nos animais após o tratamento com a dieta por 30 dias. Na análise do fígado, contatou -se esteatose e esteato-hepatite nos animais tratados com a dieta por 15 e 30 dias, respectivamente. Este modelo experimental é adequado para a avaliação da ação de fármacos anti-hipercolesterolêmicos e que auxiliem no tratamento da esteato-hepatite

Protection against hepatitis B by the Butang® recombinant vaccine in newborn children in South Brazil

The prevention of hepatitis B by vaccination is one of the most efficient tools to avoid the transmission of the virus. This study evaluated the immunogenicity of the national vaccine Butang® in children born in Campo Mourão City, state of Paraná, Brazil, aged 7 to 12 months, by determining the anti-HBsAg antibodies levels after completion of the National Immunization Program Protocol for hepatitis B. All 70 children evaluated by the MEIA method (immune-enzymatic micro particles) showed seroconversion to the Butang® vaccine. Nine children (12.9 percent) presented a low response, with anti-HBs titers between 11 and 100 mUI/ml; 39 children (55.7 percent) showed a good response to the vaccine, with titers between 101 and 1000 mUI/ml; and 22 children (31.4 percent) showed antibodies titers higher than 1000 mUI/ml. The mean titer of the anti-HBs antibody titers was 1408.1 ± 2870.26 mUI/ml (15.7 to 19560.0 mUI/ml). The levels of antibodies produced by the prematurely-born children were not statistically different from those found in the newborns. Fifty-five children were also evaluated through the ELFA method (ELISA with a final detection in fluorescence), which presented similar results. The results obtained in our study corroborated the effectiveness of the national vaccine Butang® in newborn children of Campo Mourão City, Paraná, even if they were premature.